| Typhoon (JMA) | |
|---|---|
| Category 5 typhoon (SSHS) | |
| Nabi as a Category 3 typhoon on September 02, 2005. | |
| Formed | August 29, 2005 |
| Dissipated | September 8, 2005 |
| Highest winds | 10-minute sustained: 175 km/h (110 mph) 1-minute sustained: 260 km/h (160 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 925 mbar (hPa; 27.32 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 32 direct, 5 missing |
| Damage | $535 million (2005 USD) |
| Areas affected | Saipan, Guam, Marianas Islands, Japan, South Korea |
| Part of the 2005 Pacific typhoon season | |
Typhoon Nabi (international designation: 0514, JTWC designation: 14W, PAGASA name: Typhoon Jolina, also sometimes known as Super Typhoon Nabi) was the third super typhoon of the 2005 typhoon season in the northwestern Pacific. The storm had winds up to 175 km/h (109 mph) at peak intensity, and caused over 143 injuries and 21 confirmed deaths in Japan. Damage totaled about 535 million (2005 USD).
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During late August, an area of convection persisted about 560 nautical miles (1,035 km) east of Guam. Satellite imagery indicated a large area of showers and thunderstorms with developing outflow and a low-level circulation had formed beneath the convection.[1] At 0000 UTC on August 29 the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the low as a tropical depression while located about 475 nmi (885 km) east-southeast of Saipan.[2] The depression was within an area of moderate vertical wind shear which hindered outflow to the north.[3] Roughly six hours later, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) classified the system as Tropical Depression 14W.[4] Almost two days later, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Nabi, by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), a name meaning butterfly. Nabi strengthened further to become a typhoon the next day, and it passed by the islands of Guam and Saipan on August 31.
Guam experienced gale-force wind speeds, and up to 75 mm (3.0 in) of rain. In addition, Saipan experienced wind gusts up to 120 km/h (75 mph). Steadily strengthening, Nabi reached Category 5 intensity on September 1, after passing near the Marianas Islands, where President Bush issued a major disaster declaration. Federal funding was also available for the islands of Rota, Tinian, and Saipan, but only on a cost sharing basis. As the storm began turning to the north, it entered the Philippine area of responsibility on September 3, where it earned the name Jolina. Weakening slightly, typhoon Nabi (Jolina) passed to the east of Okinawa, Japan, and on September 6, it made landfall on the Kagoshima Prefecture of Japan, as a Category 2 storm. It weakened to a Category 1 system shortly after landfall, and dissipated shortly thereafter, while located between Russia and Alaska. In Japan, 21 deaths were caused by the storm.
Two days after the dissipation of the system, five people were reported missing in South Korea, and fifty were reported in Japan. In addition, Japan also reported 143 injured people. The storm completely destroyed approximately 10,000 homes, and 31 of 47 prefectures reported damage. Slightly under 100 roads were damaged, and nearly 170 mudslides occurred. The heaviest damage from the storm took place in Miyazaki prefecture on the island of Kyushu. No deaths were reported in the Marianas islands, where the storm passed under Category 5 strength.
In Guam, officials cancelled several flights in and out of the island, and delayed numerous others in preparation of Typhoon Nabi. Additionally, several schools were used for shelter from the system as it passed by the island.[5] In Kyushu, officials evacuated over a quarter of a million people in fear of Typhoon Nabi affecting Japan.[6] Means of transportation came to a halt for tens of thousands of people, where ferries and trains were shut down in preparation of the storm. In addition, at least 723 flights to and from the island were cancelled because of the storm.[7]
Japan's second-largest refinery, Idemitsu Kosan, chose to stop shipments to other refineries across the area, and Japan's largest refinery, Nippon Oil, stopped all sea shipments. The Cosmo Oil Company, Japan's fourth largest refinery, stopped all shipments to Yokkaichi and Sakaide refineries. Nearly a thousand and half soldiers were dispatched to Tokyo in order to help coastal areas prepare for Typhoon Nabi (Jolina)'s arrival, and to clean-up after the storm.[8] On September 4, four days before the dissipation of the storm, officials in the Miyazaki Prefecture issued a flood warning for expected heavy rains in the area.[9]
Lastly, 76 domestic and international flights were cancelled, in South Korea.
Throughout its lifespan, Typhoon Nabi (Jolina) was responsible for the deaths of 39 people and $535 million (2005 USD; $602 million 2011 USD) in damage.
| Wettest tropical cyclones in Japan Highest known recorded totals |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Precipitation | Storm | Measurement station |
||
| Rank | (mm) | (in) | ||
| 1 | 1805.5 mm | 71.08 inches | Talas 2011 | Kamikitayama[10] |
| 2 | 1612.0 mm | 63.46 inches | Fran 1976 | Fukuharaasahi[11] |
| 3 | 1322.0 mm | 52.04 inches | Nabi 2005 | Mikado[12] |
| 4 | 1286.0 mm | 50.62 inches | Kent 1992 | Hidegadake[13] |
| 5 | 1243.0 mm | 48.94 inches | Namtheum 2004 | Asahimaru[14] |
| 8 | 1167.0 mm | 45.94 inches | Judy 1989 | Hidegadake[15] |
| 7 | 1138.0 mm | 44.80 inches | Abby 1983 | Amagisan[16] |
| 8 | 1124.0 mm | 44.25 inches | Flo 1990 | Yanase[17] |
| 9 | 1078.0 mm | 42.44 inches | Bess 1982 | Hidegadake[18] |
| 10 | 1020.0 mm | 40.15 inches | Percy 1993 | Ebino[19] |
On August 31, Typhoon Nabi passed about 30 nmi (55 km; 35 mi) north-northeast of Saipan. Rainfall from the storm peaked at 173.2 mm (6.82 in) over a 24 hour period. Winds on the island were recorded at 51 kts (95 km/h; 59 mph) with a gust up to 65 kts (120 km/h; 75 mph). Two homes were completely destroyed, 26 were deemed uninhabitable, and 77 other sustained minor damages. About 70–80% of the crops on the island were also destroyed. Damages to vegetation resulted in 544 tonnes (600 tons) of debris. The entire island was left without power, some without water, after the storm. On Tinian, three homes were destroyed and six others were damaged. Only minor flooding and scattered power outages were reported on Rota. In Guam, the Untalan Middle School experienced minor flooding which led to an evacuation in the school. Roads were flooded for several hours and scattered power outages were reported. Damages from the four islands was estimated at $2.5 million (2005 USD).[20] One fatality occurred on September 3 when a tourist drowned after being overcome by rip currents produced behind Nabi.[21]
Ahead of the storm, high waves and gusty winds led to one drowning when a women was knocked of a ferry in Takamatsu, Kagawa. A landslide in Miyazaki destroyed five homes,[22] killing three people.[23] Torrential rains, falling at rates 228.6 mm (9 in) per hour or more,[24] caused flooding and landslides throughout the country. A man who was listed as missing was found dead in a flooded rice field. In Tarumi, a landslide buried a home in mud, killing two people.[23]
The record setting rains from Nabi caused significant slope failures and large accumulations of driftwood. The amount of sediment displaced by the rains was estimated at 4,456 m3/km2, over four times the yearly average. A total of 630 m3 (2,066 ft3) of driftwood was recorded.[25]
Continued evacuations took place after the storm made landfall to protect residents from flood waters and landslides. The first evacuation order during the storm took place in the Arita district. In Miyazaki City, 21,483 households were evacuated following reports of significant overflow on the nearby river. Another 10,000 residences were evacuated in Nobeoka following similar reports.[9]
About 237,725 residences were reported to have lost power during the storm.[26]
Heavy rains amounting up to 622.5 mm (24.5 in) led to six fatalities and caused $115.4 million (2005 USD) in damages.[27]
Nearly a month after the dissipation of Typhoon Nabi (Jolina), President George Bush declared a major disaster declaration for the northern Marianas islands, in the wake of the system.[28]
Due to the effects of the storm in Japan, the name Nabi was retired, and replaced with the name Doksuri.